Weights and Measurements
To help you work out measurements and weights used in
"The Modern Herbal", I have copied relevant info from specialist
websites on this page. Converting older measurements can be a real brainteaser!
Please scan through this page to find the information you require.
from: http://ts.nist.gov/ts/htdocs/230/235/appxc/appxc.htm#5c
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4 gills (gi)
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= 1 pint (pt)= 28.875 cubic
inches
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2 pints
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= 1 quart (qt) = 57.75 cubic
inches
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4 quarts
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= 1 gallon (gal) = 231 cubic
inches
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= 8 pints = 32 gills
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Apothecaries Units of
Liquid Volume
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60 minims (min or  )
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= 1 fluid dram (fl dr or f )
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= 0.225 6 cubic inch
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8 fluid drams
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= 1 fluid ounce (fl oz or f )
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= 1.804 7 cubic inches
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16 fluid ounces
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= 1 pint (pt or  )
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= 28.875 cubic inches
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= 128 fluid drams
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2 pints
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= 1 quart (qt) = 57.75 cubic
inches
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= 32 fluid ounces = 256
fluid drams
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4 quarts
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= 1 gallon (gal) = 231 cubic
inches
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= 128 fluid ounces = 1024
fluid drams
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2 pints (pt)
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= 1 quart (qt) = 67.200 6
cubic inches
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8 quarts
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= 1 peck (pk) = 537.605
cubic inches
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= 16 pints
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4 pecks
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= 1 bushel (bu) = 2150.42
cubic inches
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= 32 quarts
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Avoirdupois Units of
Mass
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[The
"grain" is the same in avoirdupois, troy, and apothecaries
units of mass.]
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27-11/32 grains
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= 1 dram (dr)
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16 drams
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= 1 ounce (oz)
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= 437-1/2 grains
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16 ounces
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= 1 pound (lb)
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= 256 drams
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= 7000 grains
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100 pounds
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= 1 hundredweight (cwt)
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20 hundredweights
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= 1 ton
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= 2000 pounds7
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In
"gross" or "long" measure, the following values
are recognized:
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112 pounds
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= 1 gross or long
hundredweight7
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20 gross or long
hundredweights
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= 1 gross or long ton
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= 2240 pounds7
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[The
"grain" is the same in avoirdupois, troy, and apothecaries
units of mass.]
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24 grains
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= 1 pennyweight (dwt)
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20 pennyweights
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= 1 ounce troy (oz t)= 480
grains
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12 ounces troy
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= 1 pound troy (lb t)
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= 240 pennyweights = 5760
grains
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Apothecaries Units of
Mass
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"grain" is the same in avoirdupois, troy, and apothecaries
units of mass.] |
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20 grains
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= 1 scruple (s ap or  )
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3 scruples
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= 1 dram apothe-caries (dr
ap or )
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= 60 grains
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8 drams apothecaries
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= 1 ounce apothecaries (oz
ap or )
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= 24 scruples = 480 grains
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12 ounces apothecaries
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= 1 pound apothecaries (lb
ap)
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= 96 drams apothecaries
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= 288 scruples = 5760 grains
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NOTES ON BRITISH UNITS OF
MEASUREMENT
In Great Britain, the yard, the
avoirdupois pound, the troy pound, and the apothecaries pound areidentical with
the units of the same names used in the United States. The tables of British
linear measure, troy mass, and apothecaries mass are the same as the
corresponding United States tables, except for the British spelling "drachm"
in the table of apothecaries mass. The table of British avoirdupois mass is the
same as the United States table up to 1 pound; above that point the table reads:I
| 14 pounds |
= 1 stone |
| 2 stones |
= 1 quarter = 28 pounds |
| 4 quarters |
= 1 hundredweight
= 112 pounds |
| 20 hundredweight |
= 1 ton = 2240 pounds |
The present British gallon and
bushel--known as the "Imperial gallon" and "Imperial bushel"
are, respectively, about 20 percent and 3 percent larger than the United States
gallon and bushel. The Imperial gallon is defined as the volume of 10
avoirdupois pounds of water under specified conditions, and the Imperial bushel
is defined as 8 Imperial gallons. Also, the subdivision of the Imperial gallon
as presented in the table of British apothecaries fluid measure differs in two
important respects from the corresponding United States subdivision, in that the
Imperial gallon is divided into 160 fluid ounces (whereas the United States
gallon is divided into 128 fluid ounces), and a "fluid scruple" is
included. The full table of British measures of capacity (which are used alike
for liquid and for dry commodities) is as follows
| 4 gills |
= 1 pint |
| 2 pints |
= 1 quart |
| 4 quart |
= 1 gallon |
| 2 gallons |
= 1 peck |
| 8 gallons (4 pecks) |
= 1 bushel |
| 8 bushels |
= 1quarter |
The full table of British apothecaries
measure is as follows
| 20 minims |
= 1 fluid scruple |
| 3 fluid scruples |
= 1 fluid drachm |
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= 60 minims |
| 8 fluid drachm |
= 1 fluid ounce |
| 20 fluid ounces |
= 1 pint |
| 8 pints |
= 1 gallon (160 fluid ounces) |
from: www.geocities.com/skantze/measurements.htm
Volume / Fluids / Capacity
1 liter (1 l) = 10 dl =
100 cl = 1000 ml
Since 1964 is 1 liter (1
l (in the USA often 1 L)) = 1 cubic dm (dm³) and 1 ml = 1 cubic cm
(cm³).
Many books state, even today, that 1 ml = 1.000027 cc or 1.000028
cc.
Today 1 ml = 1 cc (1 cubic centimeter)!
1 US fluid dram
(apothecaries') (fl dr) = 0.125 fl oz (US) = 60 minims = 3.696588 ml
1 fluid ounce (fl oz)
(Imperial) = 28.413075 ml
1 ml = 0.0351950642442 fl oz (Imperial)
1 fluid ounce (US) =
29.5735295625 ml
1 ml = 0.0338140227018 fl oz (US)
1 Imperial pint (20 fl
oz) = 0.5682450 L
1 l = 1.759804 Imperial pints
1 US liq pint (16 fl oz)
= 0.473176473 L
1 l = 2.11337641887 US liq pints
1 US quart (qt) =
0.946352946 L
1 Imperial gallon (160
fl oz) = 4.54609 L
1 l = 0.219969248299 Imperial gallon
1 US gallon (128 fl oz)
= 3.785411784 L
1 l = 0.264172052358 US gallon
1 US dry gallon =
4.404760 l
1 l = 0.2270271 US dry gallons = 0.9081084 US dry quarts = 1.816217
US dry pints
1 US dry peck (pk) =
8.8097675 L
1 US dry bushel (bu) = 4
peck = 35.23907016688 L
1 US dry barrel (bbl) =
115.6271236 L
1 US liquid barrel (bbl)
= 42 US liquid gallons = 158.987294928 L
Weight
1 grain = 0.0022857143
ounces (avoirdupois')
1 grain = 0.0020833 ounces (apothecaries' or troy)
1 grain = 0.0647981 g
1 g = 15.432358 grains
1 dram (avoirdupois') =
27.34375 grains = 1/16 ounce (avoirdupois')= 1.7718452 g
1 dram (apothecaries' or troy) = 60 grains = 1/8 ounce
(apothecaries') = 3.8879346 g
1 ounce (oz)
(avoirdupois') = 16 drams (dr) (avoirdupois weight) = 7.291666 drams
(apothecaries' weight) = 28.349523 g
1 ounce (apothecaries' or troy) (oz t) = 8 drams (apothecaries') =
17.554286 drams (avoirdupois') = 31.1034768 g
1 g = 0.035273962 oz (avoirdupois')
1 g = 0.0321507 oz (apothecaries' or troy)
1 pound (1 lb) = 16
ounces = 0.45359237 kg
1 pound (avoirdupois') = 0.45359237 kg = 453.59237 g
1 pound (apothecaries' or troy) = 0.37324172 kg = 373.24172 g
1 kg = 2.2046226 lb (avoirdupois')
1 stone (14 lb) = 0.14
centals = 6.35029318 kg
1 hundredweight (Brit.
cwt.) = 1 hundredweights (long) = 112 pounds = 50.802345 kg
1 U.S. centerweight (U.S. cwt.) = 1 hundredweights (short) = 100
pounds = 45.359237 kg
1 long ton = 2240 lb
(England) = 1016.0469 kg
1 short ton = 2000 lb (USA) = 907.18474 kg
1 ton (Sweden) = 1000 kg = 1 tonnes (t) = 1 metric tons
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